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Here Northumbria is taken to mean Northumberland, the northernmost county of England, and County Durham. This area, together with Tweeddale, was the ancient British tribal kingdom of Bernicia (Bryneich) and is notable for the stable ancestry of its present indigenous population, which has been identified by DNA analysis to be an offshoot of the group populating Scotland, Cumbria and the North of Ireland, but not so closely related to the other peoples of the UK. The area was the core of the outstanding artistic culture that developed during the Northumbrian Golden Age of the 7th and 8th centuries; it would be unwise to suggest that the area did not have a flourishing musical culture at that time, or that it was not of similar sophistication - Bede makes reference to the playing of the harp. The traditional music of this area may be a tangible legacy of the Bernicians - given that we know little of the antiquity of our music and knowing that our ancestors were as intelligent and as dexterous as ourselves; though their instruments would have had their limitations. The modern era has seen our traditional music artificially pigeon holed into national divisions, into which Northumbrian music simply will not fit. Likewise, the crude assumption that the font of all music of substance was in the west and north of our islands has undermined considered appreciation of the local repertoire.The region possesses a distinctive style of folk music with a strong and continuing tradition.〔S. Broughton, M. Ellingham, R. Trillo, O. Duane, V. Dowell, ''World Music: The Rough Guide'' (Rough Guides, 1999), p. 67.〕 The region is particularly noted for its tradition of border ballads, the Northumbrian smallpipe (a form of bagpipe unique to north-east England) and also a strong fiddle tradition in the region that was already well established in the 1690s. Northumbrian music is characterised by considerable influence from other regions (and vice-versa), particularly southern Scotland and other parts of the north of England.〔S. Broughton, M. Ellingham, R. Trillo, O. Duane, V. Dowell, ''World Music: The Rough Guide'' (Rough Guides, 1999), p. 67.〕 Irish tunes are also much played in the region, as they are elsewhere. There has been a continuous tradition of traditional and distinctive Northumbrian styles since the 18th century – there have also been 'revivals' in the late nineteenth century and again in the mid-twentieth. More recently, Northumbrian folk music, and particularly the use of the Northumbrian pipes, has become one of the liveliest and most widely known forms of folk music in Britain. ==Local musical forms and styles== Northumbria shares with southern Scotland the long history of border ballads, such as 'The Ballad of Chevy Chase'.〔J. Reed, ''Border Ballads: a Selection'' (Routledge, 2004).〕 It is also known for local dances, including the rapper dancing and Northumbrian clog dancing.〔S. Broughton, M. Ellingham, R. Trillo, O. Duane, V. Dowell, ''World Music: The Rough Guide'' (Rough Guides, 1999), p. 66.〕 Many dances from the region have the characteristic rant step.〔http://www.colinhume.com/dtrant.htm〕 Although many tunes are shared with other regions of England or other nations, there is often a distinct difference between a Northumbrian version of a tune and versions from elsewhere. For instance a simple Irish tune, 'The Chorus Jig', with three strains, appears in the Northumbrian tradition as 'Holey Ha'penny', an ornate five-strain variation set. A Scottish strathspey, 'Struan Robertson's Rant' appears, stripped of the Scotch snap, as a smallpipe tune, 'Cuckold come out of the Amrey', a long variation set. These two examples illustrate the impossibility of ascribing a regional origin to an old tune; each can be played on a primitive instrument, and may have been played for as long before first publication, as they have been since. Assumptions of regional origins can bedevil the study of music undertaken by enthusiastic musicians (who may sadly follow partisan allegiances) however regional versions and styles (like Northumbrian) are quite a different matter, having reliable established sources. Tunes in hornpipe rhythm are much appreciated in the region, both for playing and for dancing, particularly clog dancing. One rhythm characteristic of the region is the rant, used for figure dances such as ''The Morpeth Rant'' with a characteristic step; musically it is similar to a reel, though somewhat slower, and with more of a lilt. During 1770–2 William Vickers made a manuscript collection of local dance tunes, of which some 580 survive, including both pipe and fiddle tunes, many of which are from Scotland, southern England, Ireland and even France, revealing the very extensive and varied repertoire of local musicians at that time.〔M. Seattle, ed., ''William Vickers, The Great Northern Tune Book'', 2nd ed. (English Folk Dance and Song Society with the Northumbrian Pipers' Society, 2008).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Music of Northumbria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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